- Fim ɗin cellulose mai narkewa a halin yanzu yana da ƙimar farashi na kayan aiki na 30%–60% akan fim ɗin PE na gargajiya ($0.25–$0.45/m² vs. $0.15–$0.28/m²), amma fa'idar farashin zubar da shara a kasuwanni masu kayan aikin tattara shara na halitta na iya rage jimlar gibin farashi zuwa 5%–15%.
- Kwaskwarima ta EU PPWD ta 2018/851 ita ce mafi girman canjin farashi - ana sa ran za ta ƙara €0.15–€0.45/kg a cikin kuɗin bin ƙa'ida don marufi mara sake yin amfani da shi ko wanda ba za a iya narkar da shi ba nan da shekarar 2028, wanda zai kawar da fa'idar farashin kayan filastik na gargajiya a kasuwannin EU.
- Ga masu tattara abinci masu yawa waɗanda ke aiki sama da raka'a miliyan 5 a kowace shekara, jimillar kuɗin mallakar abinci yana haɗuwa cikin iyakar kashi 10% tsakanin cellulose mai takin zamani da PE/PP mai sake yin amfani da shi lokacin da aka haɗa da abubuwan da suka shafi zubar da kaya, ƙa'idoji, da darajar alama - wanda ke mai da shawarar ta zama ta dabarun maimakon ta hanyar farashi kawai.
Matsalar Da'awar Dorewa: Me yasa "Ana iya narkar da na'urar" da "Ana iya sake yin amfani da ita" ba su zama daidai ba
Ina so in fara wannan nazarin farashi ta hanyar fuskantar zato mafi ɓatarwa a cikin marufi mai dorewa: cewa "wanda za a iya narkar da shi" da "wanda za a iya sake amfani da shi" hanyoyi ne masu canzawa zuwa sakamako iri ɗaya na dorewa. Marufi mai narkewa da marufi mai sake yin amfani da shi suna magance matsaloli daban-daban - marufi mai narkewa yana magance lalacewar rayuwa ta ƙarshen rayuwa lokacin da akwai kayan aikin zubar da sharar halitta, yayin da marufi mai sake yin amfani da shi yana magance yanayin da'ira lokacin da akwai kayan aikin tattarawa, rarrabawa, da sake sarrafa su - kuma babu ɗayansu da ke magance matsalar a cikin yanayin kayayyakin more rayuwa waɗanda ba su da tsarin tattarawa mai dacewa. Zaɓar hanyar da ba daidai ba don kayan aikin zubar da kaya na musamman na kasuwar ku ba wai kawai kuskuren dorewa ba ne - kuskuren farashi ne wanda zai iya ƙara kashi 15%-40% ga jimlar farashin mallakar marufin ku ba tare da samar da sakamakon dorewar da masu amfani da ku ke tsammani ba.
Lokacin da na fara jagorantar haɓaka fina-finan shirya abinci na XIADE a shekarar 2012, tattaunawar masana'antar ta kasance mai sauƙi: filastik yana da arha amma yana da illa ga muhalli, bioplastics suna da kyau ga muhalli amma suna da tsada, kuma an tsara musayar a matsayin zaɓi biyu tsakanin farashi da lamiri. Wannan tsari ba daidai ba ne a lokacin, kuma yanzu yana da haɗari ƙwarai. Jimillar kuɗin da aka kashe wajen shirya fim ɗin marufi = kuɗin kayan aiki (40%–50% na jimillar) + kuɗin da aka kashe (15%–20%) + kuɗin da aka kashe (10%–25%) + kuɗin bin ƙa'idojin doka (5%–15%) + tasirin darajar alama (5%–15%) — kuma sassan zubar da kaya, ƙa'idoji, da alamar suna canzawa cikin sauri ta yadda lissafin kuɗin jiya ya tsufa. Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken nazarin farashin mallakar mallakar na shekarar 2026 bisa ga ainihin bayanan farashi daga jerin samar da kayayyaki, yanayin farashin zubar da kaya a kasuwannin EU guda biyar, da kuma bayanan ƙimar alama daga nazarin sha'awar masu amfani guda biyar da aka buga daga 2024–2026.
Kwatancen Kudin Kayan Aiki: Fim ɗin Narkewa da Fim ɗin PE/PP Mai Sake Amfani da Shi
A matakin masana'anta, tsarin farashin kayan masarufi na fina-finan marufi na abinci a kwata na biyu na 2026 ba shi da tabbas:
| Nau'in Fim | Farashi/m² (USD) | Farashi/tan (USD) | Nisa Mai Kauri | Rushewar Halitta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDPE na al'ada | $0.12–$0.18 | $1,200–$1,800 | 20–80 μm | A'a (Shekaru 500+) |
| MDPE/HDPE mai sake yin amfani da shi | $0.15–$0.22 | $1,400–$2,000 | 15–60 μm | A'a (ana iya sake yin amfani da shi) |
| PP mai sake yin amfani da shi (BOPP) | $0.18–$0.28 | $1,600–$2,400 | 15–50 μm | A'a (ana iya sake yin amfani da shi) |
| Acid mai yawan polylactic (PLA) | $0.35–$0.55 | $3,200–$4,800 | 20–50 μm | Takin masana'antu kawai |
| Cellulose (XIADE ba tare da rufi ba) | $0.22–$0.35 | $2,000–$3,200 | 18–50 μm | Gida + takin masana'antu |
| Cellulose (mai rufi XIADE) | $0.30–$0.45 | $2,700–$4,000 | 20–60 μm | Takin masana'antu |
Kudin da fim ɗin cellulose mai takin zamani ke bayarwa na kashi 30%–60% shine adadin da manajojin sayayya ke gani da farko - kuma adadin da ke sa da yawa daga cikinsu su daina karantawa. Amma a nan ne nake buƙatar gabatar da canjin tsari na farko wanda ke sa kwatancen farashin kayan masarufi ya zama abin ɓatarwa: Domin kuwa XIADE tana gudanar da layukan samarwa guda 9 masu sarrafa kansu tare da ɗaukar tan 40,000 a kowace shekara a cibiyarmu mai girman murabba'in mita 116,700 da ke Shaoxing, samar da fina-finan cellulose ɗinmu fa'idodi daga tattalin arziki mai girma wanda ya rage farashin samar da kayayyaki a kowace tan da kusan kashi 22% tun daga shekarar 2020 - wani yanayi da ake hasashen zai rage gibin farashin kayan aiki tsakanin cellulose da PE na gargajiya zuwa kashi 15%-30% nan da shekarar 2028.
Ga mai ɗaukar kayan abinci mai yawa wanda ke aiki da raka'a miliyan 10 a kowace shekara tare da matsakaicin faɗin fim na 0.08 m² kowace raka'a (wanda aka saba amfani da shi don rufe kayan da aka gasa), farashin kayan shekara-shekara a kwata na biyu na 2026 zai kasance kimanin: $120,000–$144,000 don LDPE na al'ada, $200,000–$240,000 don BOPP, da $240,000–$360,000 don cellulose mai rufi. Bambancin farashin kayan shekara-shekara na $120,000–$216,000 tsakanin cellulose mai rufi da LDPE gaskiya ne kuma dole ne a yi la'akari da shi. Tambayar da nake so kowace ƙungiyar siyan kayan abinci ta yi tambaya a gaba ita ce: me ɓangaren zubar da kaya na lissafin ke yi wa waɗannan lambobi?
Binciken Kuɗin Zubar da Kaya: Canjin da Ya Boye Wanda Yake Juya Lissafi
Idan akwai layi ɗaya a cikin wannan labarin da nake son masu siyan kayan abinci su tuna, shine: Bambancin farashin zubar da kaya tsakanin marufi mai takin zamani da wanda ba za a iya narkarwa ba a kasuwanni masu kayayyakin tattara sharar gida na iya zama mafi girma fiye da bambancin farashin kayan - yana canza jimillar fa'idar farashi daga filastik mai sake yin amfani da shi zuwa cellulose mai takin zamani koda kuwa farashin kayan da ake amfani da su a yanzu.
Bari in yi bayani dalla-dalla game da ainihin farashi daga aikinmu da wani abokin ciniki na gidan burodi na Jamus (wanda aka sakaya sunansa, tare da izini) wanda ya canza daga overwrap na BOPP zuwa fim ɗin cellulose mai rufi na XIADE don marufin burodin su a 2025. Kafin a canza, farashin marufin su shine:
| Bangaren Farashi | Fim ɗin BOPP (Kafin) | Cellulose Mai Rufi (Bayan) | Bambanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kudin kayan aiki/m² | €0.18 | €0.32 | +€0.14 |
| Adadin shekara-shekara (raka'a) | 8,400,000 | 8,400,000 | — |
| Faɗin fim/sashi (m²) | 0.07 | 0.07 | — |
| Kudin kayan shekara-shekara | €105,840 | €188,160 | +€82,320 |
| Kudin sharar marufi (Jamus VerpackG) | €0.032/raka'a | €0.008/raka'a | -€201,600 |
| Tattara sharar gida (a guji zubar da shara) | Ba a Samu Ba | An adana €0.006/raka'a | -€50,400 |
| Jimlar kuɗin marufi na shekara-shekara | €374,640 | €255,360 | -€119,280 (-31.8%) |
Bambancin farashin zubar da kaya na €0.024/raka'a a ƙarƙashin tsarin Jamus Dokar Marufi, wanda ke sanya ƙarin kuɗin da aka ƙara wa Manufa Mai Tsawaita (EPR) akan marufi wanda ba za a iya sake amfani da shi ba da kuma wanda ba za a iya narkar da shi ba, ya isa ya mayar da fa'idar farashin kayan gaba ɗaya. Wannan ba wani yanayi na nazari ba ne - sakamako ne na farashi da aka rubuta wanda abokin cinikinmu na Jamus ya raba mana a matsayin wani ɓangare na rahoton dorewarsu, kuma yana wakiltar alkiblar da ƙa'idar marufi ta EU ke tura kasuwa gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin da Mai Sake Amfani da Shi Ya Yi Nasara
A gaskiya a fannin tunani - kuma na dage a kan wannan saboda washing na kore yana ɓata min rai kamar yadda yake ɓata wa masu amfani rai - akwai yanayi inda robobi masu sake amfani da su suka kasance mafi ƙarancin kuɗin da za a iya kashewa. A kasuwannin da ba su da kayayyakin tattara sharar gida na halitta - wanda ya haɗa da yawancin Amurka a wajen California, Washington, da Oregon, da kuma manyan sassan Birtaniya a wajen birane tare da tattara sharar abinci - marufi mai amfani da takin zamani wanda ya ƙare a cikin shara ba ya ba da fa'idar zubar da shara kuma yana wakiltar kuɗin kayan da ba a yarda da su ba. Akwatin ajiyar abinci da ake rarrabawa musamman a Kudu maso Gabashin Amurka, inda ake biyan kuɗin zubar da shara na kimanin dala $35–$45 a kowace tan kuma tarin sharar da ba ta da amfani, zai ga farashin kayan fim ɗin da za a iya tarawa ba tare da wani fa'ida na zubar da shara ba. A waɗannan kasuwannin, PE ko PP da za a iya sake amfani da su tare da abubuwan da aka sake amfani da su bayan an sake amfani da su (PCR) shine zaɓi mai araha mai dorewa.
Lokacin da Takin Mai Ya Fi Ma'ana
Akasin haka, a kasuwannin Tarayyar Turai tare da tilas a raba sharar gida ta halitta (wanda ya haɗa da dukkan ƙasashe 27 na EU kamar na 2024 a ƙarƙashin gyaran Dokar Tsarin Sharar Gida), marufi mai iya takin zamani wanda aka ba da takardar shaida ga ASTM D6400 ko EN 13432 kuma waɗanda masu sarrafa sharar gida suka amince da su na iya rage jimlar kuɗin marufi da kashi 15%–35% idan aka kwatanta da filastik mai sake yin amfani da shi idan aka haɗa da kuɗin zubar da kaya, kuɗin EPR, da kuma harajin da aka guji zubar da shara. Jamus, Netherlands, Austria, Italiya, da Faransa suna wakiltar kasuwanni biyar mafi ƙarfi don tattalin arzikin sharar da za a iya tarawa daga takin zamani zuwa na halitta, tare da fa'idodin haɗin gwiwar zubar da kaya na matsakaicin €0.015–€0.035 a kowace naúrar don tsarin marufi da za a iya tarawa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin marufi wanda ba za a iya tarawa ba.
Hadarin Dokokin: Yadda Dokokin Marufi na EU Masu Zuwa Ke Shafar Jimlar Lissafin Kuɗi
Tsarin dokoki na marufin abinci a cikin EU yana fuskantar babban sauyi tun daga farkon Dokar Sharar Marufi da Marufi ta 1994. Dokar Rufewa da Rufe Sharar Marufi ta Tarayyar Turai (PPWR) — wadda ta maye gurbin Dokar PPWD a farkon 2025 kuma za a iya aiwatar da ita gaba ɗaya nan da Janairu 2028 — ta ba da umarnin cewa duk marufi da aka sanya a kasuwar Tarayyar Turai dole ne a sake yin amfani da shi ta hanyar ƙira nan da 2030, tare da takamaiman abubuwan da aka sake yin amfani da su (30% don marufi na filastik masu laushi ta hanyar taɓawa nan da 2030, wanda zai tashi zuwa 50% nan da 2040) da kuma hana wasu nau'ikan marufi na filastik da ake amfani da su sau ɗaya don 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu sabo waɗanda nauyinsu bai wuce kilogiram 1.5 ba.
Ga masu siyan fina-finan marufi na abinci, PPWR tana ƙirƙirar hanyoyin biyan kuɗi guda uku waɗanda dole ne a haɗa su cikin kowace samfurin siye na shekaru 5: (1) umarnin abubuwan da aka sake yin amfani da su - fina-finan PE da PP na gargajiya za su buƙaci haɗa da resin PCR 30% bayan mabukaci nan da 2030, wanda a halin yanzu yana da ƙimar farashi na 15%-25% akan resin budurwa kuma yana iya gabatar da canji a cikin ingancin fim wanda ke ƙara yawan sharar da aka canza da 2%-5%; (2) buƙatar sake yin amfani da su ta hanyar ƙira - laminates masu kayan aiki da yawa waɗanda ba za a iya raba su don sake yin amfani da su ba (misali, tsarin PE/PET/EVOH) za su fuskanci ƙaruwar kuɗin EPR ko ƙuntatawa kai tsaye ga kasuwa; da (3) hanyar harajin filastik - Italiya da Spain sun riga sun sanya harajin marufi na filastik na €0.45/kg, kuma harajin filastik na EU (€0.80/kg na sharar marufi na filastik mara sake yin amfani da su) yana haifar da ƙimar kuɗin kuɗi wanda ke amfanar madadin da za a iya tarawa da lalata su kai tsaye.
Idan aka haɗa umarnin PPWR na sake yin amfani da abubuwan da aka sake yin amfani da su, harajin filastik na EU, da harajin marufi na ƙasa, ana hasashen cewa ingantaccen farashin tsari a kowace kilogiram na marufi na filastik wanda ba za a iya sake yin amfani da shi ba, wanda ba za a iya narkar da shi ba a kasuwannin EU zai kai €0.45–€0.75 nan da shekarar 2028 - a wannan lokacin ne jimlar farashin fim ɗin cellulose mai takin zamani zai yi ƙasa da fim ɗin filastik na yau da kullun a duk kasuwannin EU tare da kayayyakin tattara sharar gida na halitta. Ina gudanar da wannan hasashen farashin shekaru biyar ga kowane abokin ciniki a masana'antar abinci wanda ya tuntubi XIADE, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa jinkirta sauya sheka zuwa marufi mai yiwuwa ko wanda za a iya sake amfani da shi har zuwa 2028 zai kashe kashi 20%-35% a cikin jimlar farashin marufi fiye da sauyawa yanzu, saboda hauhawar farashin ƙa'idoji tsakanin 2026 da 2028 ba za a daidaita shi da raguwar farashin kayan filastik na yau da kullun ba.
Lissafin Darajar Alamar: Shin Farashin Ra'ayin Masu Amfani da Kaya na Gaske ne?
Bangaren darajar alama na jimlar farashin marufi shine mafi wahalar ƙididdigewa - kuma, a cikin gogewata, wanda manyan kamfanoni na masana'antar abinci ke da shakku a kai. Don haka bari in faɗi daidai abin da bayanan suka nuna a zahiri. Nazarce-nazarce guda biyar da aka buga a shekarar 2024–2026 (NielsenIQ 2024, McKinsey Sustainable Packaging Survey 2025, Eurobarometer 2026, Mintel 2025 Sustainable Packaging Report, da kuma wani bincike na Jami'ar Wageningen ta shekarar 2026) sun nuna cewa kashi 52%–68% na masu amfani da EU da kashi 38%–48% na masu amfani da Amurka sun ba da rahoton cewa suna son biyan kuɗin da ya kai kashi 5%–15% ga samfuran da ke cikin marufi mai taki - amma ainihin bayanan halayen siye (daga nazarin kwamitin na'urar daukar hoto, ba bincike ba) sun nuna ƙimar da aka samu ta kashi 2%–6% kawai.
An rubuta gibin da ke tsakanin fifikon da aka bayyana da wanda aka bayyana a cikin binciken masu amfani, amma ba yana nufin ƙimar alamar ba ta da tabbas. Ga alamar abinci mai Yuro miliyan 50 a cikin kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara, ƙimar farashi mai kashi 3% akan 40% na SKUs na samfura waɗanda suka ɗauki marufi mai narkewa yana nufin kusan Yuro 600,000 a cikin ƙarin kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara - kusan daidai da 2.2× ƙimar farashin kayan da aka canza daga PE zuwa cellulose mai rufi ga waɗannan SKUs. Mafi mahimmanci, a cikin rukunan inda da'awar dorewa ita ce babban abin da ke haifar da siye - abinci na halitta, abincin jarirai, kayan lambu sabo - ƙimar alamar na iya kaiwa 5%-8% a cikin halayen siye da aka cimma, wanda ya fi rufe ƙimar farashin kayan marufi ga waɗannan takamaiman rukunan.
Shawarata mai amfani ga kamfanonin abinci ita ce: Yi amfani da marufin da za a iya tarawa a inda ya dace da da'awar dorewar alamar kasuwancinka da kuma inda masu amfani da kai ke biyan kuɗin sa (tashoshin halitta, na musamman, jarirai/yaro, da kuma hanyoyin kai tsaye zuwa ga masu amfani), kuma yi amfani da marufin da za a iya sake amfani da shi tare da abubuwan da ke cikin PCR inda farashin ke mamaye kuma babu kayan aikin zubar da takin zamani. Wannan hanyar raba-raba tana isar da ƙimar alamar a inda take ba tare da sanya farashi mai mahimmanci ba inda ba ta da shi.
Tsarin Shawara: Wanne Fim ɗin Marufi Ya Dace Da Kasuwancin Abincinku
Dangane da tsarin nazarin farashi da na gabatar, ga dabarun yanke shawara da zan yi wa abokan cinikin masana'antar abinci a XIADE:
Mataki na 1: Taswirar kayayyakin zubar da shara. Idan manyan kasuwanninku suna da tilas a tattara sharar gida (ƙasashen membobin EU, California, da sassan Kanada), fim ɗin cellulose mai takin zamani wataƙila shine zaɓi mafi kyau idan aka haɗa da farashin zubar da kaya da ƙa'idoji - koda a farashin kayan da ake amfani da su a yanzu. Idan kasuwanninku ba su da kayayyakin more rayuwa na sharar gida, PE/PP mai sake amfani da shi tare da abun ciki na PCR shine zaɓi mai araha mai dorewa.
Mataki na 2: Lissafa tasirin ku na tsarin mulki na 2028. Ga kowace kilogiram na marufi mara sake amfani, wanda ba za a iya narkarwa ba da kuka sanya a kasuwar EU, ku yi samfurin farashin ƙa'ida na €0.45–€0.75/kg nan da 2028 (biyan PPWR + harajin filastik na EU + harajin ƙasa). Idan wannan farashin samfurin ya wuce bambancin farashin kayan aiki tsakanin fim ɗin ku na yanzu da cellulose mai narkarwa, shawarar siyan ku tana da hanya bayyananna.
Mataki na 3: Tabbatar da ingancin samfurin ku. Idan alamar kasuwancinku tana aiki a cikin rukunoni inda masu amfani ke biyan kuɗin dorewa (na halitta, premium, baby, DTC), ƙimar farashi mai kyau na kashi 3%-6% daga da'awar marufi mai yiwuwa zai rage wani babban ɓangare na ƙimar farashi. Idan alamar kasuwancinku ta fi yin gogayya da farashi a cikin rukunoni masu kaya, ƙimar samfurin ba za ta iya samuwa ba.
Mataki na 4: Nemi bayanai game da farashin zagayowar rayuwa daga mai samar da fim ɗin ku. Idan mai samar da kayayyaki ba zai iya samar da yanayin farashin zubar da kaya ba, hasashen farashin ƙa'idoji, da kuma jimlar bayanan mallakar takamaiman kasuwannin ku - kuma maimakon haka kawai kuna ambaton farashin kowace murabba'in mita - kuna yanke shawara kan siyan kaya tare da ɓacewar kashi 40%–55% na bayanan farashin da suka dace. A XIADE, muna samar da namu fim ɗin marufi na abinci abokan ciniki tare da jimillar kuɗin mallakar mallaka wanda ya haɗa da kayan aiki, juyawa, zubar da kaya, da kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙa'idoji don manyan kasuwanni 12, domin ina ganin bayyana gaskiya game da jimillar farashi yana cikin sha'awar abokin ciniki da mai samar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci.
Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi
- T1: Menene farashin fim ɗin marufi mai takin zamani idan aka kwatanta da fim ɗin PE na gargajiya?
- A farashin kwata na biyu na 2026, fim ɗin cellulose mai takin zamani (wanda aka yi wa fenti da XIADE, wanda ya dace da abinci) yana kashe $0.30–$0.45 a kowace murabba'in mita idan aka kwatanta da LDPE na gargajiya a $0.12–$0.18/m² - wanda ke wakiltar ƙimar farashi na kayan aiki 30%–60%. Fim ɗin takin zamani na PLA (polylactic acid) yana kan $0.35–$0.55/m². Duk da haka, wannan kwatancen farashin kayan aiki shine 40%–50% kawai na jimlar farashin. Idan aka haɗa da kuɗin zubar da shara na halitta - musamman bambancin tsakanin kuɗin zubar da shara na halitta don kayan takin zamani idan aka kwatanta da kuɗin zubar da shara ko ƙona robobi na gargajiya - jimlar gibin farashi ya ragu zuwa 5%–15% a kasuwannin da ke da kayayyakin tattara shara na halitta (Jamus, Netherlands, Austria, Italiya, Faransa) saboda marufi mai takin zamani wanda ke shiga cikin kwararar shara na halitta yana guje wa kuɗin Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) da robobi na gargajiya ke haifarwa. Kamfanin XIADE ya yi hasashen cewa farashin kayan fim ɗin takin zamani da aka yi da cellulose zai ragu zuwa kashi 15%–30% nan da shekarar 2028 yayin da girman samarwa ke ƙaruwa kuma ingancin fasahar rufewa ya inganta, a lokacin ne cellulose mai takin zamani zai daidaita da farashin PP mai sake amfani da shi a cikin jimillar farashin da yawancin aikace-aikacen kasuwar EU ke bayarwa.
- T2: Shin fim ɗin da za a iya yin takin zamani yana aiki kamar yadda filastik na yau da kullun yake don sabo abinci?
- Amsar aiki ta dogara ne akan takamaiman buƙatun shinge na samfurin abinci. Ga samfuran busassun da ke da ɗanɗano danshi (busassun biskit, biskit, hatsi), fim ɗin cellulose mara rufi yana da ƙimar watsa tururin danshi mafi girma (MVTR na 200–400 g/m²/awa 24 a 38°C/90%RH) idan aka kwatanta da BOPP (MVTR 3–8 g/m²/awa 24 a yanayi iri ɗaya) - ma'ana cellulose mara rufi ba zai samar da daidai lokacin shiryawa ga samfuran da ke da ɗanɗano danshi ba. Duk da haka, Cellulose mai rufi da aluminum na XIADE Ya cimma MVTR na tsawon 8-25 g/m²/awa 24, wanda ke da gasa da BOPP mai ƙarfe (MVTR 1-5 g/m²/awa 24) don amfani na ɗan gajeren lokaci na kwanaki 30-90. Ga samfuran da ke da saurin amsawa ga iskar oxygen (goro, kofi, cakulan), cellulose mai rufi tare da layin shinge na aluminum yana ba da ƙimar watsa iskar oxygen (OTR) na tsawon 5-15 cc/m²/awa 24, idan aka kwatanta da fina-finan shinge na tushen EVOH a OTR 0.5-2 cc/m²/awa 24 - ya isa ga tsawon lokacin shiryawa na kwanaki 60-120 amma bai isa ga samfuran da ke buƙatar tsawon lokacin shiryawa na watanni 12 ba. Babban ma'aunin aiki shine cewa fina-finan da za a iya tarawa gabaɗaya suna ba da kashi 70%-90% na aikin shinge na fina-finan shinge na roba, wanda ya isa ga nau'ikan abinci sabo da na ɗan gajeren lokaci (kayayyakin gasa, kayan sabo, kayan deli) amma ƙila ba za su cika buƙatun kayan da aka shirya na tsawon lokaci ba.
- T3: Waɗanne kayan aikin zubar da shara ake buƙata don marufi mai takin zamani zuwa ainihin takin zamani?
- Wannan ita ce tambayar da nake fata kowace ƙungiyar dorewa ta kamfanin abinci za ta yi kafin ta buga "mai narkewa" a kan marufinta - domin amsar tana tantance ko ikirarin da za a yi na takin yana ba da fa'ida ta gaske ga muhalli ko kuma ya zama alhakin wankewa. ASTM D6400- takardar shaidar marufi mai takin zamani (gami da fim ɗin cellulose na XIADE) yana buƙatar yanayin takin zamani na masana'antu don ya lalace gaba ɗaya: zafin jiki na 58°C ± 2°C wanda aka kiyaye na tsawon makonni 4-6, yawan danshi na 50%–60%, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki, da juyawa/iska a cikin injina a takaitattun lokaci. Takin gida (20°C–35°C, iska mai wucewa, danshi mai canzawa) yana cimma lalacewar fim ɗin cellulose mara rufi a cikin watanni 3-6 amma bazai lalata bambance-bambancen da aka rufe ko PLA gaba ɗaya cikin watanni 12 ba. Tambayar ababen more rayuwa mai mahimmanci ita ce ko wuraren sarrafa sharar gida na kasuwar da kuke son siyan kayan sun karɓi marufi tare da sharar abinci - a cikin EU, kusan kashi 65%–70% na wuraren takin zamani na masana'antu suna karɓa TÜV Austria OK Takin Kayan marufi da aka tabbatar, amma a Amurka, ƙasa da kashi 15% na wuraren yin takin zamani na kasuwanci suna karɓar kowace irin marufi da za a iya yin takin zamani saboda damuwa game da lalacewar da ba ta cika ba, gurɓataccen gani, da kuma ruɗani da robobi na gargajiya. Kamfanin abinci mai suna "mai yin takin zamani" yana sanya lakabin "mai yin takin zamani" a kan marufi da ake sayarwa a kasuwa ba tare da karɓar wuraren yin takin zamani ba yana yin iƙirarin muhalli wanda ba za a iya cika shi ba - wanda shine ainihin yanayin da ke haifar da zarge-zargen kore wanda ke lalata yarda da marufi da za a iya yin takin zamani.
- T4: Ta yaya za a kwatanta fina-finan filastik masu sake amfani da su a fannin aikin iskar oxygen da kuma aikin shara?
- Fina-finan PE da PP masu sake yin amfani da su sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a aiki tun daga shekarar 2020, wanda umarnin sake yin amfani da su ta hanyar ƙira na EU PPWR ya jagoranta. MDO-PE (polyethylene mai tushen shugabanci na injin) yanzu ya cimma MVTR na 3-8 g/m²/24h da OTR na 300-800 cc/m²/24h - wanda yayi daidai da BOPP a cikin shingen danshi amma ya fi ƙasa da shingen oxygen idan aka kwatanta da laminates masu yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da yadudduka na EVOH ko aluminum. Babban iyakancewar kimiyya game da kayan shine cewa polymer guda ɗaya ba zai iya inganta shingen danshi a lokaci guda ba (wanda polymers marasa polar kamar PE da PP suka fi samu) da shingen oxygen (wanda polymers masu polar kamar EVOH da PVDC suka fi samu). Sakamakon aiki: fina-finan PE ko PP masu sake yin amfani da su sun dace da busassun abinci masu saurin danshi (busassun kayan ciye-ciye, kayan ciye-ciye, busassun 'ya'yan itace) waɗanda ke da tsawon rai na watanni 6-12, amma ba su dace da samfuran da ke da saurin danshi ba (nama sabo, cuku, kofi) ba tare da Layer na shingen oxygen wanda ke lalata sake yin amfani da su ba. Nan ne cellulose mai takin zamani ya gabatar da wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa: yana samar da matsakaicin danshi da katangar iskar oxygen ba tare da buƙatar lamination mai yawa ba, kuma lalacewarsa ta hanyar halitta tana kawar da ƙuntatawa ta sake amfani da ƙarshen rayuwa wanda ke iyakance fina-finan shinge na al'ada. Don aikace-aikacen abinci da ke buƙatar aikin shinge da dorewar ƙarshen rayuwa, kwatancen ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin cellulose mai rufi da kuma fina-finan kayan aiki guda ɗaya da za a iya sake amfani da su tare da ƙarin abubuwan cire iskar oxygen - kwatancen da cellulose ke aiki cikin gasa don aikace-aikacen ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa matsakaici.
- T5: Waɗanne ƙa'idoji ne ke ƙarfafa amfani da marufi mai narkewa a cikin EU?
- Tsarin ƙa'idojin EU ya ƙirƙiri wasu kuɗaɗen tallafi guda huɗu daban-daban don karɓar marufi mai takin zamani waɗanda suka riga suka fara aiki ko ake sa ran su nan da 2028: (1) Rage kuɗaɗen EPR - VerpackG na Jamus da makamantansu a Faransa (CITEO), Italiya (CONAI), da Netherlands suna sanya kuɗin EPR wanda ya yi ƙasa da kashi 40%–70% don marufi mai takin zamani wanda aka tabbatar da shi bisa ga EN 13432 idan aka kwatanta da marufi mai filastik wanda ba za a iya sake amfani da shi ba, saboda marufi mai takin zamani wanda ya shiga rafukan sharar gida ana ƙirga shi a matsayin "an dawo da shi" a ƙarƙashin manufofin sake amfani da Dokar Sharar Marufi. (2) Guji harajin filastik - harajin marufi na filastik na €0.45/kg na Italiya (MACSI) da harajin €0.45/kg na Spain wanda aka keɓe musamman marufi wanda aka tabbatar da shi bisa ga EN 13432, wanda ke haifar da fa'idar kuɗi kai tsaye na kusan €0.35–€0.45 a kowace kilogiram na marufi. (3) Harajin filastik na EU — harajin €0.80/kg akan sharar marufi na filastik da ba a sake amfani da shi ba (wanda aka ƙididdige akan jimlar tarin sharar marufi na filastik da ba a sake amfani da shi ba na kowace ƙasa ta memba) yana haifar da wani abin ƙarfafawa kai tsaye ga ƙasashe membobin don haɓaka marufi na roba a matsayin hanyar karkatar da shara. (4) Umarnin tattara sharar gida na halitta - sake fasalin Jagorar Tsarin Sharar Gida na EU (2024) yana buƙatar duk ƙasashe membobin su aiwatar da tattara sharar gida na daban nan da 2025, wanda ke faɗaɗa kayayyakin zubar da shara waɗanda ke sa marufi na roba ya zama mai amfani a tattalin arziki. Idan aka haɗa su, waɗannan hanyoyin guda huɗu suna ƙirƙirar ingantaccen abin ƙarfafawa na ƙa'ida na €0.30–€0.55 a kowace kilogiram na marufi na roba a yawancin kasuwannin EU - wanda ke wakiltar 15%–30% na farashin kayan fim ɗin - kuma ana hasashen wannan abin ƙarfafawa na ƙa'ida zai ƙaru yayin da aiwatar da PPWR ke ci gaba zuwa ga manyan matakai na 2028 da 2030.